Architecture degrees are offered across universities and institutes globally, with an array of programmes allowing students to pursue undergraduate and postgraduate studies. Architecture degree programmes cover aspects such as urban design, sustainable development and design history. Generally, architecture degrees require a minimum of three to four years of study to achieve a bachelor’s degree, while master’s degrees can take up to three years, depending on the course load taken.
Typically, an undergraduate degree in architecture requires four years of full-time study. During the first two years, students will need to complete an array of general university education requirements as well as architecture-specific preparatory courses. After completing these core class requirements, students can focus on higher-level courses such as design thinking and urban planning. Once that is complete, the student will typically have to complete a design project or workshop in the third and fourth years. Demonstrating independent thought and an original approach to problem solving is paramount to completing an architecture degree.
Enrollment for undergraduate architecture degrees is quite competitive and certain universities stipulate prerequisites to apply for admission. These criteria may include a minimum grade point average, specific courses, and codes or placement tests. Post graduate courses also require a bachelor’s degree in architecture, or a related field such as environmental design or urban planning. Universities may also require a portfolio of work or design project when considering applications.
Professionals with an architecture degree can find employment in the government and private sectors, both as architects or related positions. Those interested in research or teaching may also find positions in universities or work in the private sector. Architects may find roles in architecture firms, urban planners in city offices or housing departments, or researchers in various businesses related to the construction industry.
Furthermore, many countries require architects to be licensed before they can practice architecture. Licensing requirements may vary from country to country, and can involve exams, internships and even a minimum number of years of experience in the architecture field. It should be noted, however, that in some countries, the term architect is reserved for those with postgraduate degrees, such as a master’s or PhD.
Today, a world of opportunities awaits those who possess an architecture degree. With the rise of affordable housing projects, the need for sustainable development, the rise of smart cities and the increasing need for advanced design techniques, architects will be in high demand. As such, aspiring architects should be aware of the various programs available and the requirements necessary to complete their degree.
Architectural History
Architecture is an evolving discipline, with new concepts and construction techniques continuing to drive the profession further. To understand and appreciate current designs, students should study the history and development of architecture as it relates to their chosen country and/or region. This should include the study of essential structural and aesthetic elements, as well as the development of construction techniques over time.
Spanning multiple millennia, the history of architecture includes ancient structures such as the Great Pyramids of Giza, the Roman Colosseum, the Taj Mahal and many more. An architecture degree should equip students with an understanding of the styles, materials and techniques used to construct these buildings. Recognising key architectural movements such as the Renaissance, Rococo, Gothic or Baroque styles and how they shaped the built environment, plus the influence of modernist movements, will also enable students to identify and/or appreciate various elements in buildings they may encounter.
Studying architecture can also provide a window into the beliefs, traditions and culture of civilisations past. By studying buildings, cities and other forms of infrastructure designed by the people of the time, students can gain a valuable insight into the people, their values and their way of life.
Creative Process
Creative thinking is an essential part of architecture and forms a major part of the courses in architecture degree programmes. From sketching to drafting, students should be able to bring their ideas to life through experimentation. As such, students will be taught how to visualise their ideas, develop creative solutions and communicate the design effectively.
Manual drafting is becoming less and less common, as the majority of design processes are now completed electronically. Students should be comfortable with basic graphic software such as Adobe Photoshop, InDesign and AutoCAD. Additionally, they should be familiar with modelling and rendering software such as Trimble SketchUp and 3D Studio Max.
Students’ creativity should be evaluated throughout the application process. A portfolio of previous artwork, sketches or drawings is often required when applying for admission to an architecture degree programme. Furthermore, the student’s prior experience or studio time should be noted.
Engineering Mathematical Skills
Mathematics is essential in the field of architecture, from preliminary planning to visualising an idea. An architecture degree places a significant amount of emphasis on the ability to solve complex mathematical problems, as well as the ability to interpret and use a variety of mathematical models.
Deemed necessary for entrance into a programme, many institutions require applicants to demonstrate their past success in mathematics. In higher mathematics classes, students should demonstrate proficiency in calculus, linear geometry, analytic geometry or trigonometry. Furthermore, an understanding of the application of these equations in the context of an architecture project is paramount.
Apart from standard mathematical problems, students should also be familiar with software such as MATLAB, MathCAD and SPSS. These will allow them to analyse data and refine architectural models.
Elements of Design
A major component of any architecture degree should be an understanding of the basics of design. Students are often challenged to create structures which are aesthetically pleasing, functional, cost-effective and sustainable. students must learn to understand and develop effective design principles and elements, such as lines, shapes, shading, colour, perspective and uniformity.
At the same time, students should learn to think spatially. This entails the ability to visualise the structure in its entirety, multiple angles and details, and comprehend the relationships between them. In addition to learning and understanding the basics, students should also have the opportunity to apply and experiment with these elements as part of a larger design concept.
When working on projects, students should be able to construct both traditional and contemporary structures. This includes understanding how to work with modern materials, such as 3D-printed elements and computerised manufacturing techniques.
Sustainability and the Environment
The rise of green construction and sustainable urbanism has seen architects, both amateur and professional, place greater emphasis on sustainability and green design. An architecture degree should highlight the importance of protecting and preserving the environment, as well as minimizing the environmental impact of construction projects.
To achieve this, architecture degrees typically feature modules on topics such as sustainable design practices, green technologies, water conservation, indoor air quality and renewable energy sources. This will enable students to understand and visualize how their work can help shape cities and reduce their environmental impact.
In addition, universities often offer specific courses and workshops related to the concepts of ‘green’ architecture, such as solar energy, energy efficiency and green building materials. This allows students to gain an understanding of the importance of thinking responsibly and how to go about integrating their ideas into the built environment.
Cost of Education
The cost of education is an important consideration when choosing to pursue an architecture degree. Most universities around the world, including architecture schools, will require payment of tuition and fees, as well as additional costs associated with textbooks, materials, supplies and other course-related items. Furthermore, as architecture degrees typically involve significant practical components, students should also be prepared to incur costs for studio and lab fees associated with their program.
The cost of living in the host city should also be taken into consideration when weighing the pros and cons of enrolling in a particular school. Furthermore, students should be mindful of additional costs such as accommodation, transport, recreational activities and other abroad-related expenses. Of course, another important factor to consider is the available scholarships and bursaries, as they can significantly reduce the overall cost of tuition.
Career Prospects
The great thing about architecture is that it provides unique career opportunities in both public and private sectors. Architects are much sought after in many countries, with the majority of large cities requiring some form of architectural or urban design plan or project. Architects can take up permanent or contract roles in large architecture firms, consultancies, city offices and housing departments.
In addition to finding employment as architects, many architects pursue postgraduate degrees in order to unlock more lucrative career options, such as college teaching, advanced research opportunities, or chairing a design review board. This can provide them with a range of opportunities and a greater depth of knowledge in their chosen field.
Furthermore, architects with the relevant experience, qualifications and portfolio may decide to pursue additional opportunities such as C-level executive roles, advisory positions in urban development projects, or founding their own architecture firm.
Benefits of Studying Architecture
Studying architecture is an enriching experience that can open new doors and provide exciting opportunities. Not only will students learn life-long skills such as creative problem solving and communication, they will also gain an appreciation of the built environment. Students will also gain project management and people management skills, as well being knowledgeable about a variety of topics such as design, building codes and urban planning.
What’s more, many architecture degree programmes offer hands-on experience, practical workshops and industry-specific trips. This allows students to develop their technical skills and get to know potential employers. Additionally, with the knowledge gained during an architecture degree, graduates can pursue a career in urban planning, design consultancy or teaching, among other fields.
For those considering a career in architecture, an in-depth understanding of the architecture degree process can provide clarity, empower them to make well-informed decisions and aid in the attainment of their goals.
