Overview
Network architecture is the design of a communication network and its components. It involves the selection of suitable network topologies, network protocols, network components and related systems, and the correct process of installation, cabling, configuration and operation to ensure that communication is secure and reliable. The four basic characteristics of network architecture are: feasibility, scalability, flexibility and security.
Feasibility
The feasibility of a network architecture involves the feasibility of the physical infrastructure and the organizational policy that governs who interacts with the network when and how. The feasibility of a network architecture includes the costs of installation, maintenance, upgrades, security and training. It also includes the compatibility of the architecture with existing and planned components, such as planning for bandwidth consumption.
Scalability
The scalability of a network architecture is the ability to add and remove network components as needed. Scalability is essential for networks to keep up with increasing user needs and changing technology. The scalability of a network architecture needs to consider the needs of users and the cost of the implementation of the infrastructure.
Flexibility
The flexibility of a network architecture is the ability to reconfigure the architecture to accommodate changes in users’ needs and new technology. The flexibility of a network architecture should be considered when considering the availability of configuration tools, training and documentation.
Security
The security of a network architecture is the ability to protect the data and communication that occur on the network. Security must be considered when designing a network architecture, as well as the complexities of implementing and maintaining the security protocols. Security must be an integral part of the architecture and the infrastructure, including user access control and authentication, data encryption, and anti-malware measures.
Network Protocols
Network protocols are the language of networks, used to communicate data and information between computers. protocols govern the flow of data between different computers, allowing them to collaborate and share data. There are many different types of network protocols, including TCP/IP, Ethernet, Wi-Fi, and more. The selection of the appropriate protocol for a network architecture depends on its needs and requirements, such as the type of communication and the bandwidth available.
Network Components
Network components are the physical devices that make up the network. Network components include routers, switches, firewalls, servers and workstations. Each of these devices has its own function in the architecture, and needs to be configured correctly to provide secure, efficient communication within the network.
Network Topology
Network topology is the arrangement of the physical components of a network. A network topology can be described as either physical or logical, depending on how it is arranged. Common network topologies include bus, star and ring. The selection of the appropriate topology depends on the physical environment and the network requirements.
Network Performance
Network performance is an important consideration when designing a network architecture. Performance needs to be considered when selecting the components, protocols, and topology. Performance needs to be monitored to ensure that the network is running efficiently and that the user experience is satisfactory.
Network Security
Network security is an important aspect of any network architecture. Security measures need to be taken to protect the data that is stored and transferred over a network. Common security measures include user access control and authentication, data encryption, and antivirus software.
Network Availability
Network availability is important for the continued functioning of a network. The availability of the network needs to be taken into account when planning and implementing a network architecture. Availability needs to be monitored and maintained to ensure the continuous functioning of a network.
Network Management
Network management is the process of managing the configuration, performance, and security of a network. Network managers need to have the appropriate tools and knowledge to manage the network efficiently and effectively. They also need to know how to troubleshoot issues when they arise.
Network Standards
Network standards are rules, protocols and specifications that must be adhered to when designing network architecture. Standards help ensure that communication is secure and efficient. Standards are established by organizations such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and others.
Network Cost Effectiveness
Network cost effectiveness is an important consideration when planning and designing a network architecture, as the cost of the architecture can quickly add up. Network cost effectiveness can be improved by selecting the appropriate components, protocols, topology and other components, as well as taking into account maintenance and operational costs.
Network Reliability
Network reliability is the degree to which a network is available and functioning optimally. Network reliability can be improved by selecting the right components, protocols and topology, as well as having adequate backup systems and redundancy.
Network Troubleshooting
Network troubleshooting is the process of identifying and resolving issues on a network. Troubleshooting can be done by network managers or service providers, depending on the complexity of the issue. Troubleshooting requires an understanding of the components, protocols and topology of the network architecture, as well as a good understanding of troubleshooting tools and processes.
