Definition of Architecture in Hindi
The word architecture is derived from the Hindi language, and it refers to the design and planning of buildings. The practice of architecture is based on principles that have evolved over time, with knowledge and research being used to create structures which are both beautiful and functional. Architecture is a creative discipline that requires an in-depth understanding of both engineering and artistic principles. It is defined as the art or practice of designing and constructing buildings and other structures with aesthetic, structural, and functional considerations.
In Hindi, architecture is referred to as “nirmaan” which comes from the root word “nirmit” meaning ‘to construct’. The ancient Hindu scriptures define architecture as the science of designing and constructing buildings. This is a tradition that has been kept alive for centuries and is still practiced today, with villas, temples, and other buildings being constructed with great care and craftsmanship using local traditions and materials.
The Indian Subcontinent has always embraced architectural styles from around the world, dating back to the ancient Indus Valley Civilization where towns and cities were traditionally planned and designed, employing different patterns and geometric shapes. From the grand Rajputana havelis to the Mughal forts and temples, Indian architecture has always been revered for its beauty and elegance. Even today, domestic and commercial buildings all over India are designed with Indian traditional style and motifs, making them an essential part of the India’s architectural heritage.
Today, professional architects in India need to have an in-depth understanding of construction technologies, the history and culture of the place, and the sustainability of their designs. Every architect has their own unique style, while other architects adapt existing architectural styles, and modify them to create something entirely new. The use of modern materials and technologies makes architectural designs more efficient and robust.
Architecture in Indian Culture
Architecture has been an integral part of Indian culture for centuries and is often used to symbolize the values, beliefs and status of a particular group or family. Although there is a significant amount of diversity in architectural styles across the country, most Indian architecture follows traditional design principles, such as the use of symmetry, proportions and the golden ratio to create buildings that are pleasing to the eye, while still providing practical function. For example, it is common to see domes, arches, and jalis (latticed screens) being used to decorate buildings and temples, and arches and columns are used to provide structural support.
Indian architecture is also known for its vibrant colours and detailed carvings and sculptures. These embellishments are often painted or carved on the walls of buildings, temples and monuments. These carvings often depict religious or everyday scenes, such as people, animals, gods and goddesses, flowers, vegetable and fruit designs, and geometric patterns. They all have a significant meaning and are meant to bring good luck and prosperity to the people who reside in the space.
Indian buildings are designed to last for centuries and many of the structures that survive to this day, such as forts and temples, are architectural masterpieces. These ancient monuments are symbols of India’s glorious past and are a reminder of our rich culture and heritage.
Role of Architects in Modern India
Today, architects in India play an important role in shaping the urban landscape of the country. From designing new commercial and residential buildings, to creating master plans for cities, architects in India are constantly taking up new projects and pushing the boundaries of traditional design. Architects use modern materials and construction techniques to create innovative and sustainable designs that not only look good but are also cost-effective and energy efficient as well.
Architects are also involved in larger scale urban planning projects such as creating green spaces, implementing traffic management systems, and designing parks and public spaces. In India, many architects also teach at universities or offer consultancy services to architects and planners.
Apart from working on individual projects, modern Indian architects are also involved in the public realm. Here, they focus on creating structures that provide public services and amenities, such as libraries, post offices, parks, and playgrounds. Architects are also involved in the renovation of our old buildings and monuments, helping to preserve both the natural and cultural heritage of our cities.
Conclusion
The field of architecture in India is ever-evolving, as architects blend new and old, tradition and modernity, to create dynamic and inspiring buildings that play a vital role in shaping our cities. Despite the numerous changes and challenges that the profession faces, architecture in Hindi continues to represent Indian culture, values, and beliefs in unique and meaningful ways.
Difference Between Indian and Western Architecture
Indian and Western architecture differ in numerous aspects, ranging from their sustainability practices to the materials used in construction. Indian buildings, for instance, tend to be built of locally sourced materials such as stone, wood, clay, and laterite. This practice helps to minimize the cost of construction while also decreasing the carbon footprint of the buildings. Indian architects also use energy-efficient technologies and design principles to ensure that the structures are environmentally friendly.
Conversely, modern Western buildings can be made from both natural and synthetic materials and incorporate contemporary technologies, such as smart buildings, to make them more energy-efficient and cost-effective. Many Western buildings also follow more contemporary design principles, such as minimalistic and modern.
Role of Indian Architecture in Contemporary Times
Indian architecture is rapidly evolving and taking on newer forms and dimensions. Contemporary Indian architects are designing buildings with modern materials and technologies, such as solar panel systems and wind turbines, to reduce their dependence on fossil fuels and improve energy efficiency. The uses of Indian architecture also extends beyond building construction, with many architects focusing on urban planning and interior design, as well as landscape and garden design.
Architects are also using modern techniques and designs to preserve India’s cultural heritage, by incorporating traditional styles into their designs while also using modern technology and materials. This helps to ensure that India’s old monuments remain relevant and interesting to locals and tourists alike.
Creative Use of Space
Modern Indian architects are also immersing themselves in creative and innovative projects. Many are exploring the creative use of space by incorporating unconventional materials, such as glass, steel, and concrete, into their designs. The idea is to create buildings that are eye-catching yet still functional and comfortable. Architects are also using technology to create interactive spaces, by incorporating artificial intelligence, robotics, and other cutting-edge technologies.
One example of this type of creative design is the Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences in Odisha, India, which was designed by renowned Indian architect BV Doshi. The design features overhangs and apertures, public plazas, and a large courtyard, as well as a range of sustainable features. The aim is to provide a space that is both functional and immersive.
Integrating Traditional and Contemporary Practices
Architects in India are also focusing on the integration of traditional and contemporary practices to create architecture that is both meaningful and sustainable. Traditional building materials such as mud, brick and stone are being used in conjunction with modern materials for structures that are designed to last for generations. Many Indian architects are also incorporating traditional Indian motifs and patterns in their designs, reflecting the beauty and cultural values of Indian architecture.
Additionally, architects in India are focusing on environmentally friendly technologies, such as green roofs and solar panels, to ensure that the structures they create are as energy efficient as possible. This helps to make Indian designs more sustainable and reduce their overall environmental impact.
