Romanesque architecture originated in Europe during the 11th century and is notable for its distinctive rounded arches, towers, and large windows. This style of architecture had a major influence on later architecture and remains an iconic part of European culture. While there are many features that characterize Romanesque architecture, not all features belong to this style. To understand which features are not associated with Romanesque architecture, one must first understand the main features that define it.
Many Romanesque buildings have thick walls which help to support the weight of the structure and which also allow for the use of windows for light and ventilation. The walls typically have curved corners and sometimes have projecting buttresses. Romanesque buildings often are made with stone. In addition, the tops of Romanesque churches feature a signature round roof often described as a “barrel vault.”
Columns are also a main feature of Romanesque architecture. Columns are often used in place of walls, to support the weight of the roofs. They often feature ribbed vaults as well as entablatures. A ribbed vault is an arched ceiling made of interlaced arches or ribs. An entablature is the portion of a column composed of the architrave, frieze, and cornice.
The arches used in Romanesque architecture are also noteworthy. These arches form columns, doorways, and arcade arcades. They can either be semicircular or pointed and feature intricately decorated capitals and bases.
Though there are many key features of Romanesque architecture, there are also some features that are not attributed to it. One of the most notable features is the use of flying buttresses. Flying buttresses are a form of arch structure that helps to support the weight of a building. They are distinct from the buttresses typically used in Romanesque architecture, which are used more for decoration than structural support.
Another feature that does not characterize Romanesque architecture is the use of voussoirs. Voussoirs are wedge-shaped blocks used to form a curved arch. They are not typically used in Romanesque architecture, as the rounded arches used in this style are formed differently.
Finally, Romanesque architecture typically lacks certain decorative features found in other styles, such as ornamental molding, figurative sculptures, and stained glass. These features are more characteristically associated with Gothic architecture, a style that developed after the Romanesque period.
Architectural Influences of Romanesque
The influences of Romanesque architecture can be seen in a variety of building types, including churches, castles, monasteries, and cathedrals. This style of architecture had a major influence on the development of Gothic architecture, which emerged in France in the late 12th century. Romanesque and Gothic architecture both feature round arches, ribbed vaults, and entablatures, but Gothic architecture is more ornate, featuring intricate details and sculptures.
Function of Romanesque Architecture
The primary function of Romanesque architecture was to support the large, elaborate structures, as this style allowed for the use of thick walls and arches to support the weight of the roofs. In addition, Romanesque architecture was often used for churches, a reflection of its religious significance. Churches built in the Romanesque style often featured large, impressive interiors that allowed for more people to congregate in the same space.
Architectural Preservation
Romanesque architecture is an iconic part of European culture, and many countries have passed laws to protect and preserve buildings of this style. Italy is home to some of the best-preserved examples of Romanesque architecture, including the Basilica of San Miniato al Monte in Florence and the Abbey of San Galgano near Siena. France is also home to many impressive Romanesque structures, such as the Church of Saint-Etiennede Montlaur, which is an example of transitional Romanesque-Gothic architecture.
Recent Projects
Today, Romanesque architecture is still used in many modern building projects. Rome, for example, is home to a variety of new and renovated buildings designed in the Romanesque style, such as the Palace of Justice. Other cities, such as Madrid, have also incorporated Romanesque elements into their modern designs, including the Spanish Bank of Development, which features a distinctive Romanesque arcade.
The Future of Romanesque Architecture
Although Romanesque architecture has been around for centuries, it continues to be used in modern building projects and is likely to survive for years to come. This style of architecture has had a major influence on the development of modern architecture, as it utilizes many of the same elements. In addition, Romanesque buildings are often seen as a window into the past and are a part of the cultural heritage of Europe. As such, there is an effort to preserve and restore existing structures, so that they can be appreciated by future generations.
Modern Interpretations
Modern interpretations of Romanesque architecture also exist. In many cases, modern architects have taken the original features and adapted them to fit into the contemporary landscape. This has allowed for the emergence of “neo-Romanesque” buildings, which still feature the characteristic arches, columns, and vaults but with a more modern twist. For example, the Cathedral of Laon in France, which was built in the early 19th century, was designed to resemble a medieval castle and is an example of neo-Romanesque architecture.
